Narration Rules
Narration পরিবর্তনের জন্য যা জানতে হবে।
1. Reporting verb এবং Reported speech চেনা।
2. পাঁচ প্রকার Sentence গঠন জানা।
3. Tense এর পরিবর্তন।
4. Person এর পরিবর্তন।
5. Subjective-objective-possessive সম্পর্কে জানা।
6. Adverbial phrase সম্পর্কে জানা।
উপরের ৬ বিষয় সম্পর্কে নিচে আলোচনা করা হলো:
1. Reporting verb & Reported speech:
For Example: He said to me, “I am ill”
N.B:
1. Inverted comma (" ") এর বাহিরের verb কে Reporting verb (RV).
2. Inverted comma (" ") এর ভিতরের sentence reported speech (R.S)
2. পাঁচ প্রকার Sentence এর গঠন জানা: (Direct Narration)
1. Assertive Sentence: Sub + RV + obj , “Sub + verb + obj”
2. Interrogative Sentence: Sub + R.V + obj. “-------?
3. Imperative Sentence: R.V + obj, “verb/Let-----?
4. Optative Sentence: Sub + R.V + obj, “May/long ----”
5. Exclamatory Sentence: Sub + R.V + obj, “------!-----.”
3. Tense এর পরিবর্তন: Reported Speech এর Tense এর পরিবর্তনঃ
👉1. Present Indefinite: (v₁) + s /es→Change to Past Indefinite: (v₂)
👉2. Present Continuous: (am / is / are + vi + ing)→Past Continuous: (was / were + v₁ + ing)
👉3. Present Perfect: (have / has + v³)→Past Perfect: (had + v³)
👉4. Past Indefinite: (v₂)→Past Perfect: (had + v3)
👉5. Past Perfect: (had + vs)→No Change
👉6. Past Continuous: (was / were + vi + ing)→Past Perfect Continuous: (had + been + vi + ing )
👉7. Past Perfect : (had + v3) →No Change
👉8. Future (shall / will)→Future in the past (Should / would)
👉9. Modal Verb (can /may /must)→Could /might /had to
4. Person এর পরিবর্তন
Person ৩ প্রকার। যথাঃ
A. 1st person→I, We
B. 2nd person→you
C. 3rd person→He, She, lt, Any Name, They etc.
For Example:
1. Direct: He said to me , “I am ill.”
Indirect: He told me that he was ill
2. Direct: He said to me, “You are good.”
Indirect: He told me that I was good.
3. Direct: He said to me, “She is excited.”
Indirect: He told me that she was excited.
N.B. 👉Reported Speech এ যদি 1st থাকে তাহলে Reporting Speech এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে।
👉আবার, Reported Speech এ যদি 2nd person থাকে তাহলে Reporting Speech এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হবে।
👉কিন্তু Reported Speech এ 3rd person থাকলে কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না অর্থাৎ কাউকে অনুসরন করবে না।
5. Subjective -- Objective - --Possessive
I ------------------------me -----------------my
We --------------------us -------------------our
You -------------------your ---------------your
He ---------------------him ----------------his
She --------------------her ------------------her
They -----------------them ---------------their
It------------------------it ---------------------its
6. Adverbial phrase সম্পর্কে জানা।
1. Now Changes to →Then
2. Here Changes to →There
3. This Changes to →That
4. These Changes to →Those
5. Today Changes to →That day
6. Tonight Changes to →That night
7. Ago Changes to →Before
8. Yesterday Changes to →The previous day
9. Tomorrow Changes to →The next day/the following day
Narration of Assertive Sentence
Rule 1: Reporting verb object না থাকলে Indirect Speech এর সময় said অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে + inverted comma উঠে that বসবে + person পরিবর্তিত হবে + tense পরিবর্তিত হবে + ext.
Example:
Direct: Fahad said, “I am reading a book.”
Indirect: Fahad said that he was reading a book.
Rule 2: Reporting verb এর object থাকলে said to এর পরিবর্তে told / said to ব্যবহৃত হবে + inverted comma উঠে that বসবে + person পরিবর্তিত হবে + tense পরিবর্তিত হবে + ext.
Example:
Direct: He said to me, “She is a good girl”.
He told me that she was a good girl.
Rule 3: Reporting verb tense present বা Future (say / says / will say) হলে reported speech এর verb এর tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না + সব ঠিক থাকবে।
Example:
1. Robin says, “I did not go to school.”
Answer: Robin says that he did not go to school.
2. Shahid will say to me, “I have done the work.” Answer: Shahid will say to me that he has done the work.
Rule 4: Reported speech চিরন্তন সত্য হলে tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। শুধু inverted comma উঠে that বসবে এবং person পরিবর্তন হবে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
Example:
1. Teacher said to the student, “The sun rises in the east.”
Answer: Teacher said to the students that he n rises in the east.
Rule 5: Must এর পরিবর্তে had to বসবে। তার চিরন্তন সত্য অর্থে must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
Example:
1. Teacher said to the student, “You must do the home work.”
Answer: Teacher told the students that they had to do the home work.
2. The old man said, “Man must die one day.”
Answer: The old man said that man must die one day.
Narration of Interrogative Sentence
Rule 1: Reporting verb উঠে ask / asked if / whether বসে + inverted comma জন্য if/whether বসে। যদি প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যটিতে Wh-word না থাকে।কিন্তু Wh-word থাকলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে l।
Example :
1. She said to me , “Do you like flower?”
Answer: She asked me if I liked flower.
2. Rakib said to me , “Where did you go yesterday?”
Answer: Rakib asked me where I had gone the previous day.
Narration of Imperative Sentence
Rule 1: Reporting verb said / said to এর পরিবর্তে
1. উপদেশ বোঝালে- Advised
2. নিষেধ বোঝালে- Forbade
3. অনুরোধ বোঝালে- Requested
4. আদেশ বোঝালে- Ordered / commanded
5. ক্ষমা বোঝালে- Begged
6. কিছু না বোঝা গেলে Told
+ Inverted comma উঠে to বসবে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Example:
1. Teacher said to me, “Do the work.”
Answer: Teacher ordered me to do the work
Rule 2: Imperative sentence হলে Negative হল inverted comma উঠে to না বসে not to বসে। তবে forbade লিখলে not to লিখার প্রয়োজন নেই ।
Example:
1. Father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.”
Answer: Father ordered me not to run in the sun.
Answer: Father forbade me to run in the sun.
Rule 3: Let দ্বারা প্রস্তাব বোঝালে বা (Let + us / Let's) থাকলে said to এর পরিবর্তে that + they / we + should বসে + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
Example:
1. Hasib said to his friends, “Let us have a picnic”.
Answer: Hasib proposed to this friends that they should have a
picnic.
2. Harun said to me, “Let us have a picnic”.
Answer: Harun suggested me that we can should have a picnic.
Note: Reporting verb এর আগে ও পরে I / me / we us থাকলে subject we অন্যথায় they হবে।
Rule 4: Let + me / him / her / them ইত্যাদি থাকলে said/said to এর পরিবর্তে told + inverted comma উঠে that + sub + might + v₁ + বাকি অংশ।
Example:
1. He said to me, “Let me do it”.
Answer: He told me that he might do it.
Narration of Optative Sentence
Rule 1: Reporting verb উঠে wish /wished /pray/ prayed + inverted comma উঠে that বসবে + person এর পরিবর্তন + may / might + অন্যান্য নিয়ম Asserative sentence এর নিয়মই হবে।
Example:
1. Father said to me, “May you be happy.”
Answer: Father prayed me that I might be happy.
2. Father says to me, “May Allah bless you.”
Answer: Father prays me that Allah may bless me.
Narration of Exclamatory Sentence
Rule 1: Reporting verb said/said to এর পরিবর্তে নিচের word গুলো বসবে।
1. আনন্দ বোঝালে- exclaimed with joy
2. দুঃখ বোঝালে exclaimed with sorrow /grief
3. আশ্চর্য বা বিষ্ময় বোঝালে excidimed with surprise / wonder + inverted comma এর পরিবর্তে that বসবে + person এর পরিবর্তন + Tense এর পরিবর্তন + বাকি অংশ।
Example:
1. He said, “Alas ! I am undone.”
Answer: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone.
2. He said to me, “Hurrah! I have got GPA-5.”
Answer: He exclaimed with joy that he had got GPA - 5.
Rule 2: Reported speech যদি How / what দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং বাক্যে যদি একটি adjective/Noun থাকে তাহলে Indirect Speech এ Adjective এর আগে very / completely এবং noun এর আগে great ব্যবহৃত হবে + বাকি সব exclamatory sentence এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী হবে।
👉Exclamatory sentence How / What দিয়েও হতে পারে।
Example:
1. He said, “How fine the book is!”
Answer: He exclaimed with surprise that the book was very fine.
2. He said, “What a fool he is!”
Answer: He exclaimed with wonder that he was a great fool.
[Note: very/completely + adjective; great + Noun]
Passage Narration Rules
Rule 1: প্রথমে passage টি A to Z বা সম্পূর্ণ পড়ে speaker (বক্তা) ও listener (শ্রোতা) খুজে বের করতে হবে।
Rule 2: Reporting verb টি মাঝে বা শেষে থাকলেও Indirect করার সময় R. V কে sentence এর শুরুতে নিয়ে আসতে হবে।
Example:
1. “I am writing a letter,” he said to me.
Answer: He told me that he was writing a letter .
Rule 3: পরপর তিনটি উক্তিই একই ধরনের হলে:
i) Asserative sentence এ Sub + added that/also said that/again said that ব্যবহার করতে হবে + বাকি নিয়ম।
(ii) Interogative Sentence এ Sub + also asked/ again asked ব্যবহার করতে হবে + বাকি নিয়ম Interrogative sentence অনুযায়ী হবে।
(iii) Imperative sentence এ Sub + also advised / again ordered/ আদেশ/অনুরোধ/নিষেধ ইত্যাদি অনুযায়ী ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Example:
1. He said to me, “You are doing the work.I will help you in future. Will you take my help?”
Answer: He told me that I was doing the work.He added that he would help me in future. He again asked me if I would take his help.
More Important Information
1. Sir = Respectfully said/asked…….
2. Yes = Replied in the affirmative that……
3. No = Replied in the negative that……
4. Thanks = Subject+ thanked+ object
5. Good morning/evening/night = Subject+ wished+ object+ good morning /evening/night
6. Good bye = Subject+ bade+ object+ good bye
7. By Allah/God/Jove/my life = Swearing by Allah/God/Jove/my life..
8. Ok = Subject+ agreed that……
9. Hello/hi = Subject+ greeted that…
10. Replied/asked/cried/uttered/muttered = No change
Thanks bro...very useful & easy...thanks a lot