Important Summary for class 12 English

Summary: Dreams have been a fascinating subject to philosophers for thousands of years. Now, it has become a topic for empirical research and scientific study. Dreams are the experienced images, thoughts and emotions that may be joyful or frightening, confusing or unclear or understandable. But researchers are yet to find out the real purpose of dream; science is trying to explain it. Some of the scholars suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, but others believe it has something to do with mental or physical well-being.

Summary: According to the poem, the dreams of all people are not the same. Some people dream impractically at night. On the other hand, there are some people who dream with open eyes. The dreamers of the day are dangerous people. They dream to make their goal successful.

Summary: Everybody must hold his/her dream up. Without dream his/her life will be that of a broken winged bird which cannot fly. We cannot let our dreams die. It is because without dreams, our lives will be frozen with snow.

Summary: Manner and etiquette are parts of culture and tradition. One has to learn manners and etiquette from childhood to live in society as man is a social being. There are some rules of etiquette and manners. One should learn them from parents, families and various institutions. One should remember that one kind of manner is suitable for all the places as they vary from place to place. All should learn them to lead a peaceful life.

Or, This passage is about etiquette and manners. “Etiquette” means the rules of correct behaviour in a society “manners” are the behaviours of a particular society or culture. Children are taught manners and behaviours, according to their culture and tradition. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, family, neighbors to environment and various institutions. Etiquette and manners vary from society to society. Therefore, we nave to be careful about learning and practicing etiquette and manners in our everyday life. 

Summary: In this poem, the protagonist laments over the absence of true love and friendship in human life. The winter wind is biting and unbearable. But it is better than man's ingratitude and false love. The poet also compares false friendship to waters warp which is very transitory. The breath of winter wind is rude and biting but it is better than false friendship.

Summary: The poem is about the predicament of the school children. The boy wants to rise in the summer morning with the chirping of the birds. But at school, children are controlled with an iron hand which tells upon their mental growth. As a result, the ill-fated boy makes a request to his father to make an arrangement to save him from this suffocating situation. The poet comments that if the children are not allowed freedom, their dreams will be nipped in the bud.

Summary: Diaspora is a group of people or community who have left their homelands and settled in other parts of the world. The number of diasporas was increasing because they were forced to go out of their countries for war, political issues, the ravages of nature or the globalization. The diaspora of the Jewish people, the diaspora of the Aryans and the Palestinian diaspora were some great diaspora in the 20 century.

Or, Diaspora represents the group of people who have left their homelands and settled in other countries either on their own or they were forced. Scholars have recently started to study this phenomenon with great interest. The Jewish, the Aryans and the Palestinians are good examples in the history of diaspora. The plight and miseries of the Palestinian diaspora has drawn the attention of the world leaders in the twentieth century. African diaspora is also significant. Globalization is key reason why diaspora is attracting much attention now.

Summary: The passage describes the miserable condition of a street child named Amerigo. He had been abandoned by his parents. He makes his shelter in streets. He used to collect and sell trash, but due to the bad impacts of such work on health he left that job. Then he began to work under an ice-cream shop owner. That job was also too difficult for him. Like many other street children, he is deprived of basic human rights. His life is very hard as he has no food or shelter.

Or, Amerigo is a street child. He has to lead an inhuman life. He is deprived of motherly as well as fatherly love and affection. He is shelterless. He has to live in an unhygienic conditions. He is deprived of basic human needs. To earn his bread and butter he has to do some odd and risky jobs.His life may be endangered any time as he has to do some hazardous works. If he falls sick, he does not get medical treatment for want of money. He sometimes remains unfed too. Such as the situation of street children like Amerigo.

Summary: The passage is about Hakaluki haor - one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. It is a complex ecosystem, and also an Ecologically Critical Area, declared by the Bangladesh government in 1999. Its rich biodiversity provides people with various benefits. It is a vital source of fisheries resources and helps to produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities during the early monsoon. However, the beels are losing their capacity due to sand deposits, dewatering technique, lack of aquatic plants, etc.

Summary: The largest mangrove forest Sundarbans which falls both in Bangladesh and India accommodates tiger, but the forest is faced with erosion, sea level rise and storm surges. Though the, Sundarban is a natural protection from cyclones, it is threatened by coastline retreat and erosion, which may put the endangered tiger population into extinction. However, coastline retreat occurs both in Bangladeshi and Indian parts. As a result, within very short period of time, the Sundarbans may disappear.

Summary: Kuakata, locally known as the Sagar Kannya is a unique tourist spot as this place is full of natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal. The name 'Kuakata' came from digging well by the Rakhaine settlers. From this unique place, one can enjoy both sunset and sunrise, which has made it an attractive beach. With its typical setting, Kuakata has sandy beaches, and one can enjoy bathing, swimming and diving here.

Summary: Anne Frank was a young German girl who went to hiding during World War II to escape from the Nazi. After more than two years in hiding, they were discovered and deported to concentration camps. Anne's father, Otto Frank, is the only one to survive. After death, Anne became world famous of the diary she wrote while in hiding.

Education gives us knowledge and set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices ----

Summary: The text is about the importance of education in our life. Actually, education enables us to identify between right and wrong and to take decisions wisely. Moreover, it gives us the power, skills, knowledge, and abilities to perform our tasks in proper manner. By being educated, we can develop our confidence, personality, self awareness, and sense of belongingness that prepares us for the future. By dint of education, we do not only learn to respect ourselves, but we also learn to value and respect others in society.

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ পাঠ্যটি আমাদের জীবনে শিক্ষার গুরুত্ব সম্পর্কে। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, শিক্ষা আমাদের সঠিক ও ভুলের মধ্যে সনাক্ত করতে এবং বিজ্ঞতার সাথে সিদ্ধান্ত নিতে সক্ষম করে। অধিকন্তু, এটি আমাদের সঠিকভাবে আমাদের কাজগুলি সম্পাদন করার ক্ষমতা, দক্ষতা, জ্ঞান এবং ক্ষমতা দেয়। শিক্ষিত হওয়ার মাধ্যমে, আমরা আমাদের আত্মবিশ্বাস, ব্যক্তিত্ব, আত্মসচেতনতা এবং আত্মীয়তার অনুভূতি বিকাশ করতে পারি যা আমাদের ভবিষ্যতের জন্য প্রস্তুত করে। শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে, আমরা শুধুমাত্র নিজেদের সম্মান করতে শিখি না, কিন্তু আমরা সমাজে অন্যদের মূল্য দিতে এবং সম্মান করতে শিখি।

Learner’s civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizen as contrasted with private or personal life of the community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people.-----

Summary: The text highlights the similarities and dissimilarities between civic engagement, volunteerism, and service learning. It explains the significance of education and civic engagement in shaping our life mentioning its beneficial sides. The text makes it clear that education is not mere having some degrees and certificates, rather it enlightens us with knowledge, skills, and values. In a nutshell, both civic engagement and education play a very significant role in improving the quality of the lifestyle, bringing about positive changes in life.

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ পাঠ্যটি নাগরিক ব্যস্ততা, স্বেচ্ছাসেবকতা এবং পরিষেবা শিক্ষার মধ্যে সাদৃশ্য এবং বৈষম্য তুলে ধরে। এটি শিক্ষার তাৎপর্য ব্যাখ্যা করে এবং আমাদের জীবন গঠনে নাগরিক ব্যস্ততার উপকারী দিকগুলো উল্লেখ করে। পাঠ্যটি স্পষ্ট করে যে শিক্ষা কেবলমাত্র কিছু ডিগ্রি এবং সার্টিফিকেট নয়, বরং এটি আমাদের জ্ঞান, দক্ষতা এবং মূল্যবোধে আলোকিত করে। সংক্ষেপে, নাগরিক ব্যস্ততা এবং শিক্ষা উভয়ই জীবনযাত্রার মান উন্নয়নে, জীবনে ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনতে অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে।

Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.

Summary: The lesson is about some typical health problems experienced by adolescent girls and boys. When a girl is married off at an early age, she is tortured and abused for dowry even after the marriage. When an adolescent girl is pulled out of school, she loses her mobility, friends and social status. As a result, she is deprived of basic knowledge like health issue. So, they are vulnerable to deadly diseases. On the other hand, the situation of adolescent boys is somewhat better. But still they are vulnerable to being drawn into criminal activities, drugs and alcohol.

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ পাঠটি কিশোর-কিশোরীদের দ্বারা অভিজ্ঞতালব্ধ কিছু সাধারণ স্বাস্থ্য সমস্যা সম্পর্কে। একটি মেয়েকে অল্প বয়সে বিয়ে দিলে বিয়ের পরও যৌতুকের জন্য তাকে নির্যাতন করা হয়। যখন একটি কিশোরী মেয়েকে স্কুল থেকে বের করে দেওয়া হয়, তখন সে তার চলাফেরা, বন্ধুবান্ধব এবং সামাজিক মর্যাদা হারায়। ফলে স্বাস্থ্য সমস্যার মতো প্রাথমিক জ্ঞান থেকেও বঞ্চিত হচ্ছেন তিনি। সুতরাং, তারা মারাত্মক রোগের ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে। অন্যদিকে কিশোর ছেলেদের অবস্থা কিছুটা ভালো। কিন্তু তারপরও তারা অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ড, মাদক ও অ্যালকোহলের প্রতি আকৃষ্ট হওয়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে।

The situation you are facing is commonly known as cyber bullying. It is basically an act done by a person(s) against another person(s) by using electronic communication, e.g. social media.----

Summary: The text portrays a clear picture of ongoing bullying among the youngsters in Bangladesh. It mainly presents the negative aspects of bullying and the ways to deal with cyber bullying. Verbal bullying, social bullying, and Physical bullying are the three types of bullying. Moreover, the lesson includes a newspaper report that presents serious scenario of bullying around the globe. According to UNICEF, almost 35% of students aged between 13 and 15 in Bangladesh are the victims of different forms of bullying which is completely unexpected,

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ পাঠ্যটি বাংলাদেশের তরুণদের মধ্যে চলমান নিপীড়নের একটি স্পষ্ট চিত্র তুলে ধরেছে। এটি প্রধানত উৎপীড়নের নেতিবাচক দিকগুলি এবং সাইবার বুলিং মোকাবেলার উপায়গুলি উপস্থাপন করে। মৌখিক বুলিং, সোশ্যাল বুলিং, এবং ফিজিক্যাল বুলিং এই তিন ধরনের বুলিং। অধিকন্তু, পাঠে একটি সংবাদপত্রের প্রতিবেদন অন্তর্ভুক্ত রয়েছে যা বিশ্বজুড়ে গুন্ডামি করার গুরুতর দৃশ্য উপস্থাপন করে। ইউনিসেফের মতে, বাংলাদেশে 13 থেকে 15 বছর বয়সী প্রায় 35% শিক্ষার্থী বিভিন্ন ধরনের শ্লীলতাহানির শিকার হয় যা সম্পূর্ণ অপ্রত্যাশিত।

Summary: The text is about dreams introducing its causes and purposes along with some prominent dream theories. Dream is a representation of unconscious wishes, thoughts and imaginations. Dream may be sweet or horrible. But dream has also a real purpose if it is related to mental, emotional and physical well-being. The main benefit of dream is that it produces new ideas and thoughts in brain and helps to clean up clutter from mind. But researchers don't yet understand the purpose clearly and science is trying to unravel it.

বাংলা অনুবাদঃ পাঠ্যটি স্বপ্ন সম্পর্কে কিছু বিশিষ্ট স্বপ্ন তত্ত্বের সাথে এর কারণ এবং উদ্দেশ্যগুলিকে উপস্থাপন করে। স্বপ্ন হল অচেতন ইচ্ছা, চিন্তা এবং কল্পনার প্রতিনিধিত্ব। স্বপ্ন মিষ্টি বা ভয়ঙ্কর হতে পারে। তবে স্বপ্নেরও একটি বাস্তব উদ্দেশ্য আছে যদি এটি মানসিক, মানসিক এবং শারীরিক সুস্থতার সাথে সম্পর্কিত হয়। স্বপ্নের প্রধান সুবিধা হল এটি মস্তিষ্কে নতুন ধারণা ও চিন্তার জন্ম দেয় এবং মন থেকে বিশৃঙ্খলা দূর করতে সাহায্য করে। কিন্তু গবেষকরা এখনও উদ্দেশ্যটি স্পষ্টভাবে বুঝতে পারছেন না এবং বিজ্ঞান এটি উদ্ঘাটনের চেষ্টা করছে।